Articles on American Revolution

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In France the month of July once featured a double bill of celebrations: for decades following WWII, the French commemorated American Independence day (July 4) ahead of Bastille day (July 14). But the common ground in civic festivities and national identity building between the two countries doesn’t stop there. ungvar / Shutterstock

From the Fourth of July to Bastille Day: How France and America reinvent their nations through ritual

Two revolutions, two republics and the enduring power of national myths and civic festivities come to the fore in July as France and the US both celebrate national holidays.
On Nov. 16, 1776, the Andrew Doria, coming from the fledgling United States, was acknowledged with the firing of a cannon from St. Eustatius. This event is now known as the ‘First Salute.’ Painting by Phillips Melville, USMC (Retired) via Wikimedia Commons

How a tiny Caribbean island made American independence possible

The American Revolution was won not just by ideals and armies, but by the strategic trade networks of a small Caribbean port.
“Pepper-Pot: A Scene in the Philadelphia Market,” by painter John Lewis Krimmel, 1811. Philadelphia Art Museum: 125th Anniversary Acquisition. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Edward B. Leisenring, Jr., 2001-196-1

Pepper pot stew was survival food for the poor and a path to freedom for Black women in early Philadelphia

Dina escaped from slavery and sold pepper pot stew on the streets of Philadelphia, while her enslaver tried to recapture her.
Paul Revere made the engraving used in the frontispiece of ‘The New-England Psalm-Singer,’ a tune book William Billings published in 1770. John Carter Brown Library via Wikimedia Commons

America’s musical founding father: ‘Liberty songs’ by a self‑taught singer and tanner helped fuel the Revolution

William Billings has been largely forgotten, except among music historians. But he was the country’s first notable composer, penning protest songs against Great Britain.
The men responsible for producing the Declaration of Independence, known as the Committee of Five, were, left to right: Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman, John Adams and Robert R. Livingston. Vintage etching circa late 19th century, digital restoration by Pictore via Getty Images

John Adams and Thomas Jefferson disagreed about the American Revolution’s meaning even as they lay dying

The founding generation in America was not of one mind. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson differed on crucial ideas, but exemplify the capacity for people to disagree and yet work for a common cause.
John Hancock, like many American men and women of his generation, transformed the new nation’s charitable activities. Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty images

How America’s independence from England revolutionized US philanthropy

US charitable institutions rapidly changed in the 1780s as Americans established groups to support people in need and to reform society.
On Dec. 4, 1783, after six years fighting against the British as head of the Continental Army, George Washington said farewell to his officers and returned to civilian life. Engraving by T. Phillibrown from a painting by Alonzo Chappell

Where George Washington would disagree with Pete Hegseth about fitness for command and what makes a warrior

Washington’s ‘warrior ethos’ was grounded in decency, temperance and the capacity to act with courage without surrendering to rage. That ideal built an army – and in time, a republic.
Punishment by tar and feather of Thomas Ditson, who purchased a gun from a British soldier in Boston in March 1775. Interim Archives/Getty Images

Yes, this is who we are: America’s 250‑year history of political violence

The US has long fused politics and violence, often through firearms. To claim that such shootings betray ‘who we are’ is to forget that the US was founded on this form of political violence.
Jean Marie Joseph Bove’s depiction of Lafayette returning to the U.S. The caption says, ‘A great man belongs to the whole universe.’ Blancheteau Collection/Cornell University Library via Wikimedia Commons

Lafayette helped Americans turn the tide in their fight for independence – and 50 years later, he helped forge the growing nation’s sense of identity

Hailed as a returning hero, the Marquis de Lafayette made a grand tour of the US in 1824-25, just before the country’s 50th birthday.
Donald Trump speaks in front of a wax statue of John Wayne at the John Wayne Museum in Winterset, Iowa, during the 2016 GOP primaries. Al Drago/CQ Roll Call via Getty Images

Trump’s ‘Garden of American Heroes’ is a monument to celebrity and achievement – paid for with humanities funding that benefits everyday Americans

Trump often casts himself as a man of the people. But his statue garden feeds into a ‘great man’ approach to history at the expense of local and state history.
Members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff watch as President Donald Trump addresses a joint session of Congress on March 4, 2025. Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images

Trump’s firings of military leaders pose a crucial question to service members of all ranks

Military personnel at all levels are now facing the question of whether they will stand up for the military’s independent role in maintaining the integrity and stability of American democracy.

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