Articles on Geoscience

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Once plants really got a foothold, they transformed our planet. Albert Fertl/Moment via Getty Images

What was the very first plant in the world?

Plants changed the atmosphere, built soil and created ecosystems that allowed animals like us to thrive. But first they had to make their way from the water to the land.
Some exoplanets, like the one shown in this illustration, may have atmospheres that could make them potentially suitable for life. NASA/JPL-Caltech via AP

Beyond the habitable zone: Exoplanet atmospheres are the next clue to finding life on planets orbiting distant stars

Searching for life on other planets requires more than just measuring their distances from their stars. A future NASA telescope may help search for potentially habitable worlds.
The Earth formed in a ring of debris around the Sun, like the one around Vega, a bright star, in this artist’s conception. NASA/JPL-Caltech

How was the Earth built?

The Earth started as a mixture of gas and dust around the Sun and grew as it collided with asteroids and dust particles.
A dragline excavator mines rare earth materials in the Zhytomyr region of Ukraine on Feb. 25, 2025. Kostiantyn Liberov/Libkos/Getty Images

US, Ukraine sign ‘economic partnership’ centered on Ukraine’s wealth of critical minerals – but extracting them isn’t so simple

Critical minerals are in demand around the world for military, technology and other uses. A geoscientist shares what’s known about Ukraine’s reserves, which could help the country recover from war.
The scientific research ship JOIDES Resolution on an expedition to the southwest Indian Ocean in 2015. Xinhua/Zhang Jiansong via Getty Images

The workhorse ship of ocean drilling may have made its last voyage – here’s why scientists don’t want to see the JOIDES Resolution mothballed

The National Science Foundation says that the JOIDES Resolution has become too costly to fund. But scientists say its $72 million annual budget pales compared with discoveries the ship has enabled.
Satellite radar data shows the complete destruction of the Ukrainian city of Bakhmut. Xu et al. (2024)

War in Ukraine at 2 years: Destruction seen from space – via radar

Satellite photography of the Ukrainian city of Bakhmut shows block after block of destroyed buildings. Satellite radar provides a different view – a systematic look at the destruction of the whole city.

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