Articles on Aboriginal history

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Sydney’s 1789 smallpox epidemic came from the First Fleet and killed up to 220,000 Indigenous Australians: new research

New mathematical modelling shows the first smallpox epidemic among Aboriginal people in the Sydney region may have spread thousands of kilometres and lasted decades.
A view looking up to the Windmill Way rockshelter with the archaeological excavation in progress. Lynley Wallis

Perfectly preserved rock art site reveals 1,700 years of Aboriginal string craft

New research details Aboriginal craftsmanship – along with accompanying wall art – at a remote site in the Cape York Peninsula.
Mal and Dylan Siely examine finger grooves at Waribruk with GunaiKurnai Elder Uncle Russell Mullett. Photo by Jess Shapiro, courtesy of GunaiKurnai Land and Waters Aboriginal Corporation

Precious finger traces from First Nations ancestors revealed in a glittering mountain cave in Australia

Thousands of years ago, adults and children left their marks on soft rock surfaces deep in this cave in GunaiKurnai Country.
Artist’s impression of Dargan Shelter as it would have looked during the last Ice Age. Painting by Leanne Watson Redpath

Ice Age shelter high up in the Blue Mountains reveals Aboriginal heritage from 20,000 years ago

New research indicates Dargan Shelter was occupied as early as the last Ice Age and repeatedly visited during this cold period.
West coast of Barrow Island, overlooking the submerged northwestern shelf. Kane Ditchfield

We have revealed a unique time capsule of Australia’s first coastal people from 50,000 years ago

Barrow Island off the coast of Western Australia holds a unique record of First Nations people. For millennia, they lived on vast plains that are now drowned by the sea.
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Farmers or foragers? Pre‑colonial Aboriginal food production was hardly that simple

For a decade, debate has raged over Dark Emu’s account of Aboriginal agriculture. But ancient food production in Australia is more complex than labels like farming or hunter-gathering suggest.
Aboriginal man playing violin to a group outside a tin shack, Moore River Native Settlement, Western Australia, ca. 1920. State Library of Western Australia

Fusing traditional culture and the violin: how Aboriginal musicians enhanced and maintained community in 20th century Australia

Western music was often taught to Aboriginal people as preparation for assimilation into white Australian society – but Aboriginal people continued to play the violin even when not prescribed.
Professor Eleanor Bourke (left), chair of Yoo Rrook Justice Commission, the first formal truth-telling process into injustices experienced by First Peoples in Victoria, at the smoking ceremony at its launch. Diego Fedele/AAP

‘Why didn’t we know?’ is no excuse. Non‑Indigenous Australians must listen to the difficult historical truths told by First Nations people

Non-Indigenous Australians need to actively seek the truth about past violence and injustice against Indigenous Australians.
Benjamin Duterrau, The Conciliation 1840, oil on canvas. Purchased by the Friends of TMAG and the Board of Trustees, 1945. Collection: Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, AG79.

In the 1800s, colonisers attempted to listen to First Nations people. It didn’t stop the massacres

The office of the Protector of Aborigines was established in an effort to hear to the ‘wants, wishes and grievances’ of Aboriginal people. It failed almost immediately.

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